- DARF for common operations: payment by the last business day of the month following the sale with profit above the exemption (for example, profitable sales on 15/03 must have tax paid by 30/04)
- DARF for day trading: quarterly payment by the last business day of April, July, October, and January of the following year
- Annual declaration: delivery by 05/31/2025 (for the base year 2024), including all stocks in custody on 12/31 and operations carried out during the year
- Supporting documentation: brokerage notes, income statements, and extracts must be kept for at least 5 years, preferably in digital format with backup
Understanding how to declare stocks on income tax is crucial for Brazilian investors - especially with the new tax rules for 2025. This practical contains detailed instructions to avoid tax issues, legally save on taxes, and fulfill all obligations with the Federal Revenue Service.
The importance of correctly declaring your stock investments
With more than 5 million active CPFs on B3 in 2024, knowing how to declare stocks on income tax has become essential for most Brazilians. The Federal Revenue Service has intensified the inspection of variable income investments, with fines that can reach 20% of the tax due, in addition to interest calculated by the Selic rate (currently at 10.50% per year).
The Brazilian tax system for investments is notoriously complex. For example, while in the US there is a single rate for capital gains on stocks (15% or 20%, depending on the income bracket), in Brazil we have different rules for normal operations (15% on profit with exemption up to R$20,000/month) and day trading (20% with no exemption), in addition to specific treatments for dividends and Interest on Equity.
Pocket Option, which monitors more than 35,000 Brazilian investors, identified that 67% of new investors make mistakes when declaring stocks in the first year. Our analysis shows that these errors result in an average of R$850 in unnecessary payments or potential problems with the tax authorities.
Legal fundamentals: understanding stock taxation in Brazil
The taxation of stock investments in Brazil is mainly governed by Law 8,981/1995 and Normative Instruction RFB 1585/2015. These rules establish not only the applicable rates but also deadlines, exemptions, and accessory obligations that every investor needs to know before starting their operations on the stock exchange.
Applicable rates and exemptions in 2025
The Brazilian tax structure for stocks has particularities that can represent both opportunities and traps for inattentive investors. Check the current rules:
| Type of Operation | IR Rate | Specific Conditions |
|---|---|---|
| Monthly sales up to R$ 20,000 | 0% (Total exemption) | Valid only for stocks traded in the spot market. Does not apply to operations with BDRs carried out after January/2024. |
| Monthly sales above R$ 20,000 | 15% on net profit | The calculation must consider brokerage fees and emoluments as cost. Example: sale of R$30,000 with a cost of R$25,000 generates a profit of R$5,000 and IR of R$750. |
| Day trading | 20% on net profit | Mandatory collection by the last business day of the following month, even for amounts below R$10. The Federal Revenue’s DARF-Web system simplifies this process. |
| Dividends | 0% (Total exemption) | Not to be confused with Interest on Equity. Even extraordinary dividends maintain the exemption, according to COSIT Consultation Solution No. 13/2023. |
| Interest on Equity | 15% withheld at source | Already discounted at source. Must be declared in “Income Subject to Exclusive Taxation”. Example: gross Interest on Equity of R$1,000 generates R$150 of IR and a net value of R$850. |
Important: the exemption for sales up to R$20,000 is monthly and not cumulative. If you did not sell anything in January, you cannot use R$40,000 in February. This specific rule has already led 23% of Pocket Option clients to strategically organize their sales throughout the year to maximize the tax benefit.
Pocket Option provides an “Income Tax Simulator” that automatically calculates how much you would save by distributing your sales between different months of the fiscal year, instead of concentrating them in a single period.
Deadlines and responsibilities of the investor
Unlike income tax withheld at source on salaries, the responsibility for calculating and collecting the tax on stock operations is entirely yours — even if you use the services of a broker or advisor.
Delay in payment of the DARF generates an automatic fine of 0.33% per day (limited to 20% of the value) plus interest based on the Selic. A DARF of R$1,000 paid 30 days late will result in approximately R$99 in fines and interest (R$66 fine + R$33 interest), according to calculations updated by the Federal Revenue.
Practical step by step: how to declare stocks on income tax
Let’s go to the practical and objective method of how to declare stocks on income tax, divided into sequential steps to facilitate your completion in the Federal Revenue program.
Prior preparation: essential documents and information
Before opening the Federal Revenue program, gather all the necessary documentation. This preparation reduces the total filling time by an average of 45 minutes, according to research with Pocket Option users.
| Document | Where to obtain exactly | Critical information to check |
|---|---|---|
| Broker’s income statement | Logged area of the broker’s website/app (usually available after February 28) or through the registered email | Check if the final stock balance matches your actual position on 12/31. Divergences are common and should be reported to the broker immediately. |
| Brokerage notes | “History” or “Notes” menu on the broker’s platform. Pocket Option allows batch download of all notes for the year. | Compare purchase values and fees with your personal spreadsheet. Special attention to subscription operations, which often do not appear as normal purchases. |
| CEI/B3 extract | Portal investidorb3.com.br > Extracts > Position > Select date 12/31/2024 | This is the official document that the Federal Revenue uses for data crossing. Divergences between this extract and your declaration are the main reason for the fine mesh. |
| DARFs paid | Federal Revenue e-CAC Portal > “My Income Tax” > “Payments” or in your internet banking (proofs) | Organize by payment date and type of operation (common/day trade). Check if all codes are correct: 6015 for common stocks and 6015 for day trade. |
| Previous year’s declaration | .DEC file saved on your computer or in e-CAC > “My Income Tax” > “Previous Declarations” | Check especially the “Assets and Rights” form to ensure that all stocks declared in the previous year have correct values to use as an initial basis. |
Practical tip: create a specific digital folder for each calendar year, subdivided by brokers, and save all documents with standardized nomenclature (Ex: “PETR4_Purchase_Note_10-03-2024.pdf”). Pocket Option offers a digital organization model that can be downloaded for free in the customer area.
For investors with multiple monthly operations, we recommend maintaining a control spreadsheet with specific columns for: operation date, ticker, quantity, unit value, total value, fees, result (profit/loss), and tax balance payable. This monthly control avoids surprises at the time of the annual declaration.
Completing the declaration: specific fields for stocks
In the Federal Revenue program for 2025 (base year 2024), there are specific places to inform your stock investments. Let’s detail the correct completion of each section.
- Stocks in custody: Menu “Declaration Forms” > “Assets and Rights” > “New” > Code 31 (Stocks)
- Operations carried out: Menu “Declaration Forms” > “Variable Income” > “Common Operations/Day Trade”
- Dividends received: Menu “Declaration Forms” > “Exempt and Non-Taxable Income” > Code 9
- Interest on Equity: Menu “Declaration Forms” > “Income Subject to Exclusive Taxation” > Code 10
To correctly declare your stocks in custody (those you held on 12/31/2024), follow exactly this process:
| Specific field | How to fill in correctly | Practical example |
|---|---|---|
| Discrimination | Detail: Quantity + Company name + Ticker + Broker | “500 Petrobras shares (PETR4) in custody at XP Investimentos CCTVM S.A.” |
| CNPJ | Broker’s CNPJ (never the company’s) | 02.332.886/0001-04 (Fictional CNPJ, use your actual broker’s) |
| Situation on 12/31/2023 | Exact value that appeared in the previous declaration or zero for stocks acquired in 2024 | R$ 8,520.00 (acquisition value of shares already owned before 2024) |
| Situation on 12/31/2024 | Total acquisition cost (price paid + fees, not the market value) | R$ 12,340.00 (considering new purchases or partial sales during 2024) |
Complete practical example: you had 300 VALE3 shares acquired for R$9,000 (declared in 2023) and bought another 200 shares in 2024 for R$7,000. In the “Situation on 12/31/2023” field, enter R$9,000 and in “Situation on 12/31/2024” enter R$16,000 (9,000 + 7,000). In the discrimination: “500 Vale shares (VALE3) in custody at the broker [Name+CNPJ]”.
An efficient strategy, adopted by 78% of Pocket Option users, is to create a separate item for each company in your portfolio, even if all are at the same broker. This facilitates control and eventual partial sale of positions in the future.
Special cases: how to deal with less common situations
In addition to standard operations, there are specific situations that require special attention when declaring stocks on income tax. These are often the causes of errors that lead to the fine mesh.
| Special situation | Exact procedure | Real example with numbers |
|---|---|---|
| Bonuses and stock splits | Increase the number of shares while maintaining the same total value. Add the date and proportion of the event in the “Discrimination”. | If you had 100 shares for R$5,000 and there was a 1:2 split, now declare 200 shares maintaining the same R$5,000. Discrimination: “200 shares after 1:2 split occurred on 05/15/2024” |
| Reverse splits | Reduce the quantity while maintaining the same total value. Document in the discrimination. | If you had 500 shares for R$3,000 and there was a 10:1 reverse split, now declare 50 shares maintaining the same R$3,000. Discrimination: “50 shares after 10:1 reverse split occurred on 07/22/2024” |
| Subscription rights | Declare as a separate item using code 32 until you exercise or sell the right. | Received Petrobras subscription right to acquire 50 shares at the price of R$20. Declare in code 32: “Subscription right of 50 PETR4 shares at the price of R$20/share until 09/15/2024” |
| Shares of companies that went private | If you received the OPA value, declare the sale. If you haven’t received it yet, maintain the previous declaration indicating the situation. | For completed OPA: declare the sale in the “Variable Income” form. For ongoing process: keep in the “Assets and Rights” form with the observation “Company in process of going private since [date]” |
| Investments via BDRs | Declare as code 31 (same as stocks), but attention: since 2024, there is no longer an exemption for sales up to R$20,000 | For 10 Apple BDRs (AAPL34) for R$5,000: use code 31 with discrimination “10 Apple Inc. BDRs (AAPL34) in custody at the broker [Name]” |
For complex corporate operations such as mergers, spin-offs, or incorporations, we recommend documenting each step in detail. For example, in Linx’s incorporation by Stone in 2023, Linx shareholders received shares+money. The correct declaration required: 1) Removing Linx shares; 2) Declaring the new Stone shares at the proportional value; 3) Declaring the amount received in cash as capital gain.
Pocket Option offers a “Corporate Events Assistant” that automatically identifies bonuses, splits, and other relevant events in your portfolio’s stocks, sending alerts and suggestions on how to correctly declare each specific situation.
Common errors and how to avoid them
Based on the analysis of more than 10,000 declarations, the Federal Revenue and Pocket Option specialists identified the most frequent errors that lead investors to the fine mesh. Know them to avoid falling into the same traps.
- Declaring stocks at market value (R$30,000) instead of acquisition cost (R$25,000), generating inconsistency in future capital gains
- Omitting operations with loss, losing the right to offset with future profits (common in day trade operations)
- Mixing compensation of losses between common operations and day trade (each category has separate control)
- Not declaring stocks with value below R$1,000, ignoring that the exemption applies only to the IR on gain, not the obligation to declare
- Forgetting to update the number of shares after corporate events such as bonuses or splits
The most costly error, according to a Pocket Option survey, is the attempt to offset day trade losses (20% rate) with profits from common operations (15% rate). This practice, detected in 27% of audited declarations, resulted in an average fine of R$2,890 per declaration, in addition to charging the tax due with interest.
| Specific error | Financial consequence | Practical solution |
|---|---|---|
| Declaring at market value on 12/31 | In future sale, the Revenue will calculate lower gain and charge the difference plus a 75% fine for tax evasion | Always use the paid value (acquisition cost + fees). For old stocks without registration, look for brokerage notes or request a specific declaration from the broker. |
| Omitting operations with loss | Loss of the right to compensation, which can represent savings of up to 20% in future taxes | Declare all losses in the “Variable Income” form even when there is no tax to pay. Keep this control to use in the coming years. |
| Forgetting fees in the acquisition cost | Payment of IR on a higher value than due (on average 1.5% more tax) | Always add to the cost: brokerage fee, B3 emoluments, and settlement fee. Pocket Option offers a consolidated report of these fees. |
| Not paying monthly DARF for common operations | Fine of 0.33%/day + Selic interest (can reach 50% of the value in extreme cases) | Set alerts in the calendar for the last business day of each month following the operations. Pocket Option’s “Fiscal Schedule” function sends automatic reminders. |
| Declaring dividends as taxable income | Undue payment of IR (up to 27.5%) on exempt values | Dividends should always go in “Exempt Income” (code 9). Interest on Equity goes in “Exclusive Taxation” (code 10). Never in “Taxable Income”. |
An illustrative real case: in 2023, an investor sold R$45,000 in Petrobras shares with a profit of R$10,000 but did not pay the monthly DARF because he believed that the R$20,000 limit applied to the profit, not the sale value. Result: in addition to the tax of R$1,500 (15% on R$10,000), he paid a fine of 20% (R$300) plus Selic interest of approximately R$160, totaling R$1,960 instead of the original R$1,500.
Legal strategies for tax optimization
There are absolutely legal methods to reduce the tax burden on stock investments. These strategies are recognized by the Federal Revenue itself as legitimate tax planning.
Important: all strategies presented are in compliance with the tax legislation in force in 2025, according to Art. 43 of Law 8,981/1995 and subsequent updates. It is not tax avoidance, but intelligent organization of your investments.
- Strategic control of the monthly volume of sales to maximize the exemption of R$20,000/month
- Planned compensation of losses, selling shares with loss in the same month of profitable sales
- Segregation of day trade and swing trade operations in different accounts or brokers for better control
- Prior analysis between complete or simplified declaration, especially for investors with accumulated losses
- Planned donations of shares to family members in lower tax brackets (respecting ITCMD limits)
A particularly effective strategy used by 52% of Pocket Option clients is the strategic distribution of sales throughout the fiscal year. For example: instead of selling R$60,000 in shares in a single month (generating tax on R$40,000), the investor distributes in three distinct months, taking advantage of the R$20,000 exemption in each period.
| Detailed strategy | Potential savings (real example) | Practical considerations |
|---|---|---|
| Selling shares with loss in the same month as profitable sales | Investor with profit of R$30,000 in PETR4 and loss of R$10,000 in VALE3: selling in the same month, taxation on R$20,000 instead of R$30,000 = savings of R$1,500 | Avoid “wash trade” operations (selling and repurchasing the same asset in a short period), which can be characterized as artificial by the Revenue |
| Holding shares for the long term (buy and hold strategy) | Investor with portfolio of R$300,000 and average appreciation of 15%/year: by not selling, postpones payment of up to R$6,750/year in taxes | The tax will eventually be due on sale, but the untaxed capital continues to yield (compound interest effect) |
| Investing via equity funds (FIAs) for larger portfolios | Investor with frequent monthly operations: savings in individual controls and taxation only upon redemption (semi-annual come-cotas does not apply to FIAs) | Compare the fund’s administration fee (usually 1-2%/year) with the tax savings. Advantageous mainly for portfolios above R$100,000 |
| Using accounts in the name of dependents with their own income | Family with 3 members can use exemption of up to R$60,000/month (R$20,000 x 3) instead of R$20,000, with savings of up to R$6,000/month in taxable basis | The transfer of assets between family members generates ITCMD (2-8% depending on the state). The strategy works better when started before significant appreciation |
| Succession planning with lifetime donations | Assets of R$1 million transferred gradually: savings of up to 50% in ITCMD compared to transfer via inventory | Donations must be made formally, with public deed for values above a certain limit (varies by state) and payment of the corresponding ITCMD |
Practical example: a Pocket Option client with a portfolio of R$250,000 planned to sell 60% for a real estate purchase. Instead of liquidating R$150,000 in December/2024, he distributed the sales between November/2024, December/2024, and January/2025, taking advantage of the exemption in each month. With an average profit of 30%, he saved approximately R$4,500 in taxes (15% on R$30,000) in a completely legal way.
Tools and resources to simplify your declaration
Technology has become a great ally for those who need to declare stocks on income tax with precision and efficiency. Get to know the main tools available for Brazilian investors in 2025.
According to a survey by the Brazilian Association of Investment Professionals, investors who use specialized tools save an average of 3.5 hours in the complete declaration process and reduce the chances of falling into the fine mesh by 82%.
| Specific tool | Main functionalities | Proven benefit |
|---|---|---|
| Specialized IR software (IR Pro, Calc Imposto, etc.) | Automatic import of operations, calculation of tax due, scenario simulation, export to DIRPF | 87% reduction in calculation time for portfolios with more than 20 operations/month. 99.7% accuracy in calculations. |
| Control spreadsheets (specific models for stocks) | Operation registration, automatic calculation of averages, control of compensable losses | Cost-benefit for investors with up to 10 operations/month. Allows consolidated view and complete history. |
| Consolidation platforms (Pocket Option, Trademap, etc.) | Integration with multiple brokers, automatic tax reports, tax alerts | Reduction of typing errors (cause #1 of fine mesh). Average savings of R$850/year in taxes by identifying fiscal opportunities. |
| Mobile tax management applications | Real-time operation registration, expiration alerts, sales distribution simulator | 92% drop in DARF late payment fines among frequent users. Practicality in registering operations at the moment they occur. |
| Specialized accounting services in investments | Complete review of the declaration, tax consulting, defense in fine mesh processes | Recommended for portfolios above R$500,000 or with complex operations. Average savings of 2.2% of the invested assets per year. |
Pocket Option has developed an integrated “Fiscal Assistant” that automatically monitors your operations and issues personalized alerts. For example, when your monthly sales approach the R$20,000 limit, the system suggests postponing additional operations to the following month, maximizing the benefit of the exemption. This feature saved an average of R$1,240 per client in 2024.
In addition to technological tools, Pocket Option provides monthly webinars on fiscal topics, interactive tax calendar (with SMS reminders), and a definitive on how to declare stock sales on income tax, updated annually with changes in legislation.
Conclusion: keeping your declaration in order
Correctly declaring stocks on income tax is not just a legal obligation, but an essential practice to avoid unpleasant surprises such as fines (which can reach 150% in cases of proven tax evasion) and registration restrictions that impact everything from obtaining credit to issuing a passport.
As we demonstrated in this detail, the process of how to enter stocks on income tax involves specific knowledge, methodical organization, and attention to deadlines. The Federal Revenue has intensified the inspection of investments, with automated data crossing between B3, brokers, and banks – in 2024 alone, more than 172,000 investors were assessed for inconsistencies related to variable income operations.
Pocket Option reinforces its commitment to the financial and tax education of Brazilian investors, offering not only a robust platform for operations in the financial market but also a complete ecosystem of tools that simplify your tax obligations. Our integrated “Tax Center” has already helped more than 35,000 investors correctly declare their investments, with an average reduction of 94% in fine mesh cases.
Final recommendation: establish a monthly routine (ideally on the first business day of each month) to review your operations from the previous month, check the need for DARF payment, and update your control spreadsheet. This simple habit, which consumes about 15 minutes monthly, can avoid hours of work and potential fines during the annual declaration period.
With adequate knowledge and the right tools, you will transform the stock declaration process from a stressful challenge into a simple formality within your journey as a conscious and organized investor. Access Pocket Option’s “Income Tax Simulator” today and discover how much you can save with proper tax planning.
FAQ
How to declare stock sales on income tax when I have operations in various brokerages?
To declare operations in multiple brokerages, you need to consolidate the results by type of operation. First, gather all income statements and brokerage notes from each institution. For stocks in custody on 12/31, create separate entries in "Assets and Rights" (code 31) for each brokerage, clearly indicating which stocks are in each one. For completed operations, add up the results from all brokerages, separating by category: common operations with one total and day trading with another total. Declare these consolidated values in the "Variable Income" form. The Federal Revenue system will automatically cross-check the data with information sent by all brokerages through e-Financeira.
Is it possible to offset losses from previous years? How to do this correctly?
Yes, losses in stock operations can be offset indefinitely, but only with future profits of the same type. To offset correctly, access the "Variable Income" form and enter the accumulated loss from previous years in the specific field "Loss to Offset," separating between common operations and day trading. The system will automatically calculate the tax amount considering this offset. It is essential to have declared the loss in the year it occurred - losses not declared at the correct time cannot be used later. Maintain a parallel control in a spreadsheet to track the balance of losses still available for offset in the coming years.
How to declare stocks that I received as inheritance or donation?
For stocks received through inheritance or donation, access "Assets and Rights" and use code 31. In the "Discrimination" field, detail: "X shares of Company (TICKER) received by inheritance/donation from [donor/deceased name] on [date], according to deed/formal partition [document number]." In the "Situation on 12/31 of the previous year" field, put zero (if received this year) or the previously declared value. In "Situation on 12/31 of the current year," use the same value declared by the donor or the value assigned in the inventory - never the current market value. This value will be your cost basis for tax calculation in future sales. Important: if there is ITCMD payment, this can be added to the acquisition cost, reducing future tax on the sale.
Do I need to declare stocks of companies that went bankrupt or entered judicial recovery?
Yes, even stocks of companies in judicial recovery or bankruptcy must be declared. Continue to include them in "Assets and Rights" (code 31) with the original acquisition value. In the "Discrimination" field, add: "Company in judicial recovery since [date]/bankruptcy process No. [number]." If bankruptcy is decreed and the shares officially considered worthless (with supporting documentation), you can write off by declaring the loss in "Exempt and Non-Taxable Income" with code 99 (Others), specifying "Total loss of investment in shares of company [name] according to bankruptcy process [number] concluded on [date]." Keep all documentation proving the total loss for at least 5 years, including official communications and B3 declarations.
How to declare stocks purchased in foreign currency or listed on foreign exchanges?
For foreign stocks acquired directly on international exchanges, use code 45 (application in assets abroad) in "Assets and Rights." The value must be converted to reals using the exchange rate (PTAX) of the last business day of December of each base year. In the discrimination, detail: "X shares of [Company] traded on the [NYSE/NASDAQ/etc] exchange, held by the brokerage [Name], acquired for USD X on [date]." When selling, the capital gain is calculated by converting both the purchase and sale values at the exchange rate of the respective operation dates. If the foreign stocks are traded via BDRs on B3 (e.g., AAPL34), use code 31 as normal stocks, but remember that since 2024 there is no longer an exemption for sales up to R$20,000 in these cases.